Digital Currency


2026 Syllabus Objectives

By the end of this topic, you should be able to:

  1. Understand the concept of a digital currency and how digital currencies are used

    • A digital currency is one that only exists electronically
  2. Understand the process of blockchain and how it is used to track digital currency transactions

    • Blockchain, in its basic form, is a digital ledger, that is a time-stamped series of records that cannot be altered

What is Digital Currency?

Digital currency is money that only exists in digital form — this means it exists electronically on computers and devices, not as physical coins or banknotes you can hold in your hand.

Key Features of Digital Currency:

  • No physical form: Unlike traditional money (like dollars, pounds, or euros in cash), digital currency exists only as electronic data stored on computers.

  • Stored electronically: Digital currency is kept in digital wallets or online accounts. A digital wallet is like a virtual purse that holds your electronic money.

  • No physical banknotes or coins: You cannot withdraw digital currency from an ATM as cash, and you cannot hold it in your hand — it's purely electronic.

How Digital Currencies are Used:

Digital currencies can be used in several ways:

  1. Paying for goods and services online: You can use digital currency to buy things from websites and online stores that accept it.

  2. Transferring money internationally: Digital currency can be sent from one person to another across different countries quickly, without needing traditional banks.

  3. Online exchanges: Digital currency can be exchanged (traded) for other currencies or for traditional money through online platforms.

Cryptocurrency — A Type of Digital Currency:

Cryptocurrency is a specific type of digital currency. The main difference is that:

  • All transactions (payments and transfers) made using cryptocurrency are publicly available — anyone can see that a transaction happened, though they may not know who made it.

  • Transactions are tracked and secured using cryptography (special mathematical codes that keep information safe).

Examples of cryptocurrencies include:

  • Bitcoin — the first and most well-known cryptocurrency
  • Ethereum — another popular cryptocurrency

Note: In your IGCSE exam, the terms "digital currency" and "cryptocurrency" are treated as the same thing, even though in real life they have some differences.

Sign in to view full notes