Automated Systems

An automated system is a computer system that collects information from its surroundings and can react and perform tasks based on that data, all without human involvement.

Think of it like a smart system that can sense what's happening around it, think about what to do, and then take action automatically.

Every automated system is built using three main components working together:

1. Sensors
2. Microprocessors
3. Actuators

Let's understand what each one does:

A sensor is a device that collects information from the environment and provides it to the microprocessor as an input.

Sensors detect physical conditions like:

• Temperature
• Light levels
• Motion or movement
• Pressure
• Moisture
• Sound

Example: A motion sensor in a security system detects when someone walks past it.

A microprocessor is the "brain" of the automated system. It processes the information received from sensors and makes decisions based on pre-programmed rules.

The microprocessor:

• Receives input data from sensors
• Compares this data to stored values or rules
• Decides what action to take
• Sends instructions to actuators

Example: The microprocessor in a security system receives data from the motion sensor, compares it to its programmed rules, and decides whether to trigger an alarm.

An actuator is a device that makes physical changes based on instructions given by the microprocessor. These are the outputs of the system.

Examples of physical changes actuators can make:

• Opening or closing a door
• Opening or closing a valve
• Activating an alarm or siren
• Turning lights on or off
• Starting or stopping a motor
• Spraying water

Example: When the microprocessor sends a signal, the actuator activates the alarm siren.