3.2 Correction of Errors


2026 Syllabus Objectives

By the end of this topic, you should be able to:

  1. Correct errors by means of journal entries
  2. Explain the use of a suspense account as a temporary measure to balance the trial balance
  3. Correct errors by means of suspense accounts
  4. Adjust a profit or loss for an accounting period after the correction of errors
  5. Understand the effect of correction of errors on a statement of financial position

1. Correcting Errors by Means of Journal Entries

What is a Journal Entry?

A journal is a book of prime entry — it is where you first record a correction before posting it to the ledger accounts. When an error is discovered, you do not cross out the original entry. Instead, you write a journal entry that fixes the mistake properly.

Every journal entry has:

  • A debit entry (written first)
  • A credit entry (written below, indented slightly to the right)
  • A narrative — a short explanation of what the correction is for and why

Types of Errors That Do NOT Affect the Trial Balance

Some errors are sneaky — they don't cause the trial balance to disagree, so you won't notice them just by checking totals. These errors always have a debit and a credit of equal value, so the two sides of the trial balance still match. You need to correct these using simple journal entries (no suspense account needed).

There are six types of errors that do not affect the trial balance:


1. Error of Omission (also called Error of Complete Omission)

What it is: A transaction is completely left out of the accounting records. Nothing was recorded — no debit, no credit.

Why it doesn't affect the trial balance: Because nothing was recorded, both the debit total and credit total are equally unaffected.

How to correct it: Simply record the transaction as if you're doing it for the first time.

Example: The purchase of a motorbike for USD 10,000 by cheque was never recorded.

Journal Entry:

DateAccount TitleDebitCredit
1 FebMotor BikeUSD 10,000
BankUSD 10,000
To correct an error of omission — purchase of motorbike not recorded

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