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By the end of this topic, you should be able to:
Use and interpret the following geometrical terms: point; vertex; line; parallel; perpendicular; bearing; right angle; acute, obtuse and reflex angles; interior and exterior angles; similar; congruent; scale factor.
Use and interpret the vocabulary of: triangles; special quadrilaterals; polygons; nets; simple solids.
Use and interpret the vocabulary of a circle.
Know the specific terms for triangles (equilateral, isosceles, scalene, right-angled), quadrilaterals (square, rectangle, kite, rhombus, parallelogram, trapezium), polygons (regular and irregular polygons, pentagon, hexagon, octagon, decagon), and simple solids (cube, cuboid, prism, cylinder, pyramid, cone, sphere, face, surface, edge).
Use and interpret additional geometrical terms: plane; perpendicular bisector.
Use and interpret the vocabulary of solids including hemisphere and frustum.
Use and interpret circle terms: centre, radius (plural radii), diameter, circumference, semicircle, chord, tangent, major and minor arc, sector, segment.
Point A point is an exact location in space. It has no size, no width, and no length. We usually mark points with a small dot and label them with capital letters like A, B, or C.
Vertex A vertex (plural: vertices) is a corner or a point where two or more lines meet. For example, a triangle has three vertices, and a square has four vertices.
Line A line is a straight path that extends infinitely in both directions. It has no thickness. When we draw lines in geometry, we usually show just a part of them, but mathematically they go on forever.
Plane A plane is a flat, two-dimensional surface that extends infinitely in all directions. Think of it like an endless flat sheet of paper. The surface of your desk or a wall are examples of parts of planes.
Parallel Two lines are parallel if they are always the same distance apart and will never meet, no matter how far they are extended. We show parallel lines with matching arrow symbols. For example, the opposite sides of a rectangle are parallel.
Perpendicular Two lines are perpendicular if they meet at a right angle (90 degrees). We mark perpendicular lines with a small square at the corner where they meet. For example, the corner of a book shows two perpendicular edges.
Perpendicular Bisector A perpendicular bisector is a line that cuts another line segment exactly in half (bisects it) and meets it at a right angle (perpendicular). It divides the line segment into two equal parts at 90 degrees.
Bearing A bearing is a way to describe direction using angles. Bearings are measured clockwise from North and are always written as three-digit numbers. For example, East is 090°, South is 180°, and West is 270°.
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