18.1 Create a Database Structure

2026 Syllabus Objectives

  • Create an appropriate database structure: Import data from existing files (including .csv, .txt) using specified field names to create tables
  • Set appropriate data types to fields including text, numeric (integer, decimal, currency), date/time, Boolean/logical
  • Set sub-types of numeric data including percentage, number of decimal places
  • Set display format of Boolean/logical field (yes/no, true/false, checkbox)
  • Set display format of date/time data
  • Create and edit primary and foreign keys
  • Create relationships between tables
  • Create and use a data entry form: Create a data entry form including specified fields, appropriate font styles and sizes, appropriate spacing between fields, character spacing of individual fields, use of white space, radio buttons, check boxes, drop down menus
  • Types of database: Characteristics, uses, advantages and disadvantages of a flat file and a relational database
  • Primary and foreign keys: Characteristics of primary key and foreign keys
  • Form design: Characteristics of good form design

Understanding Database Structures

Database Fundamentals 🔑

Traditional flat-file databases store data using a system of files, records and fields. Understanding these fundamental components is essential for working with databases.

Core Components

Field

  • A field is a single item of data, such as a forename or date of birth
  • Each field has a fieldname, which is used to identify it within the database
  • Each field contains one type of data (e.g., numbers, text, or a date)

Record

  • A record is a collection of fields
  • It represents all the information about one person or one item
  • Records may contain different data types across their fields

File

  • A file (in database terms) is an organized collection of records
  • All records are organized so they can be stored together

Table

  • In Microsoft Access, data is stored in the form of tables
  • Tables are organized by rows and columns
  • Each row in a table contains a record
  • Each column in the table represents a field
  • Each cell in a column has the same, pre-defined field type

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