4.1 Networks

2026 Syllabus Objectives

  • Router: The operation and purpose of a router including: connecting networks and devices to the internet; storing computer addresses in a router; routing data packets
  • Common network devices: Including: network interface cards (NIC), hubs, bridges, switches
  • Wi-fi and Bluetooth: The uses of wi-fi and Bluetooth. Connecting a device to a network using: wi-fi; Bluetooth. Similarities and differences between Bluetooth and wi-fi
  • Cloud computing: The characteristics, uses and issues relating to cloud computing. How data is stored, managed and shared using cloud computing. Advantages and disadvantages of using cloud storage compared to other methods
  • Common network environments: Characteristics, uses and purpose of an extranet, intranet and the internet. The differences and similarities between an extranet, intranet and the internet
  • Network types: Local Area Network (LAN), Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), Wide Area Network (WAN) and the differences between these networks

Network Types 🌐

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Local Area Networks (LANs)

Definition: A local area network (LAN) is a network usually within one building or certainly not over a large geographical area.

Key Characteristics

A typical LAN consists of:

  • A number of computers and devices (e.g., printers)
  • Devices connected to hubs or switches
  • One of the hubs or switches connected to a router and modem (usually broadband)
  • Connection to the internet (becoming part of a WAN)

Advantages of LANs ✅

  • Sharing of resources: Expensive peripherals and applications software can be shared
  • Communication between users: Enables collaboration and file sharing
  • Network administrator: Centralized control and monitoring of all aspects of the network
  • Centralized management: Updates, backups, and software installations can be managed centrally
  • Security features: Firewalls, antivirus software, and other security measures protect devices

Disadvantages of LANs ⚠️

  • Virus spread: Easier spread of viruses throughout the network
  • Printer queues: Development of printer queues can slow down printing
  • Slower access: Slower access to external networks
  • Security risk: Increased security risk compared to stand-alone computers
  • Server failure: If the main server breaks down, the network usually fails
  • Network traffic: Access to data and peripherals can be slow depending on network traffic
  • Maintenance costs: Require maintenance to ensure software is up to date, upgrades, and backups

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