3.3 Activities in Madina, Leadership, and Conflicts

When Prophet Muhammad PBUH arrived in Madina (then called Yathrib), he took several important steps to establish a strong, united Muslim community.

• The Prophet PBUH purchased land from two orphans, Sohail and Sahal, to build a mosque.
• Masjid-e-Nabvi (the Prophet's Mosque) became the heart of the new Islamic state.
• It was used as a place of worship, a centre for education (through the Suffah Bench, a study circle), and the headquarters of the Muslim state.

• The system of Adhan was introduced after a companion, Hazrat Abdullah bin Zaid RZ, saw it in a dream.
• Hazrat Bilal RZ, a former slave, was chosen as the first Muezzin (the one who calls to prayer).
• This established a daily routine and unity among Muslims.

• The Muhajireen were the Muslims who had migrated from Makkah and left behind their homes and wealth.
• The Ansar were the local people of Madina who welcomed them.
• Prophet Muhammad PBUH created a formal bond of brotherhood (Muwakhat) between them — each Makkan Muslim was paired with a Madinan Muslim who shared his home, wealth, and support.
• This act of brotherhood solved the economic crisis of the migrants and built deep unity.

• The two main tribes of Madina, the Aus and Khazraj, had been enemies for generations.
• Prophet Muhammad PBUH brought them together under Islam, calling them collectively the "Ansar" (Helpers).
• This ended years of bloodshed and created a peaceful, unified society.

One of Prophet Muhammad's PBUH greatest acts of leadership was the creation of the Charter of Madina — a written agreement between all the groups living in Madina.

• Muslims (both Muhajireen and Ansar)
• Jewish tribes (such as Banu Qainuqa, Banu Nadir, Banu Quraiza)
• Christians and polytheists living in Madina