4.3 Leading Companions: Ten Blessed, Scribes, Emigrants, Helpers, and Caliphs in His Lifetime

Subject: Islamiyat | Level: O Level | Code: 2058

2026 Syllabus Objectives

  1. Study the leading Companions of Prophet Muhammad PBUH, including the Ten Blessed Companions, his Scribes, the major characters who surrounded him in his ministry, the Emigrants and Helpers, and the four Rightly Guided Caliphs during his lifetime.

  2. Know the names of the main characters who lived with and near Prophet Muhammad PBUH, understand the important facts of their lives, and explain the significance of their actions and experiences in the history and beliefs of Islam.

PART 1: WHO IS A COMPANION (SAHABI)?

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A Sahabi is a Companion of Prophet Muhammad PBUH. To be counted as a Sahabi, a person must have:

  • Accepted Islam
  • Seen Prophet Muhammad PBUH in person
  • Spent time in his company, even if only briefly
  • Died as a Muslim

There were approximately 124,000 Companions of Prophet Muhammad PBUH.

Who Is Counted as a Companion?

  • All Mothers of the Faithful (the wives of Prophet Muhammad PBUH)
  • The Asharah Mubasharah (the Ten Blessed Companions)
  • Those who fought in major battles such as Badr, Uhud, and the Battle of the Trench
  • Men and women who pledged loyalty to Islam
  • Those who attended the Farewell Sermon

Special Facts

  • The only Companion whose name is directly mentioned in the Quran is Hazrat Zaid bin Harith RZ
  • The first Companion to die for Islam was Hazrat Haris bin Abu Halah RZ
  • Most Companions had passed away by the end of the first Hijri century

Importance of the Companions

  1. They supported Islam in its earliest and most difficult days — migrating for it and fighting in major battles
  2. They played a vital role in preserving and compiling the Quran and Hadith
  3. They helped extend Islam to new lands through conquest
  4. They spread the message of Islam to every corner of the world

What Prophet Muhammad PBUH Said About the Companions

Hadith 1:

"My Companions are like stars. If you follow anyone of them, you will receive guidance."

Note: This hadith has been classified as weak (da'if) or fabricated (mawdu') by major hadith scholars including Ibn Hazm, al-Bayhaqi, and al-Albani. It is cited here as a widely known tradition, but its authenticity is not established.

Hadith 2:

"The best of my people are my generation, then their immediate generation, then their immediate followers."

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